Restless energy, poor concentration, and impulsive behavior are often viewed as hallmark traits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Less widely known is that the same patterns—especially hypervigilance, emotional reactivity, and inattention—can also stem from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because several core symptoms overlap, clinicians sometimes diagnose ADHD when trauma is the real driver, delaying effective treatment and prolonging distress. Why [...]